Ocimum basilicum
Also known as: Sweet Basil, Tulsi (Holy Basil, related species), Thai Basil
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Sow seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost or direct sow once soil has warmed, covering seeds lightly as they need some light to germinate. Transplant or thin seedlings to about 25 cm apart in a sunny, well-drained bed or container. Pinch off the growing tips regularly once plants have several sets of leaves to encourage bushy growth, and promptly remove flower spikes to prolong leaf production and prevent bitterness. Water at the base to keep soil evenly moist but not soggy, and feed lightly with a balanced fertilizer every few weeks. Harvest by picking leaves from the top down, which stimulates further branching.
General guidance only — not adjusted for your local climate yet, and not a substitute for professional agronomic advice.
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Susceptible to fungal diseases like downy mildew and fusarium wilt, especially in humid or overly wet conditions—ensure good airflow and avoid overhead watering. Aphids, whiteflies, and Japanese beetles can infest leaves; check undersides regularly and treat with insecticidal soap if needed. Slugs and snails may damage young seedlings. Bolting (premature flowering) reduces leaf quality, so pinch flower buds promptly, especially in hot weather.